About Membrano-Proliferative Glomerulonephritis(MPGN)

MPGN, also known as Membrano-Proliferative Glomerulonephritis, is a kind of Glomerulone Nephritis. Here I will guide you to look at this disease.
MPGN also has other names, such as Mesangiocapillary. Nephropathy, but they all refer the same disease. MPGN is named based on the appearance of kidney biopsy under the microscope.
The symptoms of MPGN are various. Some patients have no symptoms, while some others have Nephrotic Syndrome, for example, there are symptoms with protein leakage, water retention, the swelling in face, hands, or feet, etc.
Complications of MPGN include these: 1. High blood pressure. Due to the damage to kidneys, patients may develop high blood pressure. 2. Kidney Failure. People with MPGN have the great risk of suffering Kidney Failure. 3. Protein leakage from the kidneys may lead to the swollen ankles and the high levels of cholesterol in the blood.
MPGN most commonly presents in childhood but it can occur at any age. MPGN is a type of Glomerulonephritis caused by the deposition in the kidney glomerular mesangium and basement membrane.
MPGN can be diagnosed only after the biopsy test of kidneys. There are generally two types of MPGN, they are type 1 and type 2 MPGN.
Type 1 is the most common type by far. It is characterized by the subendothelial and mesangial immune deposits in the kidneys.
Type 2 is similar to Type 1. It is also called as “dense deposit disease”. It is believed that it is associated with the alternative complement pathway.
The above are the brief introduction on MPGN. If you have any questions, you can tell us so we can help you.

What caused Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic Nephropathy is one common clinic disease occurred frequently Complications of Diabetes. It is one of the most serious diseases among the Complication of the Diabetes. With the development of our society, more and more people are at the risk of getting Diabetic Nephropathy. Researches have show that patients with Diabetes more than 10 years may get Diabetic Nephropathy. So it is very important to know what caused Diabetic Nephropathy. There are four common reasons caused Diabetic Nephropathy, let me introduce them in detail.
1. High blood sugar: Long-term and excessive the blood sugar thicken blood capillary which leads to blood can't pass smoothly. This will damage your function of kidney seriously.
2. High blood pressure: because of lipid metabolism disorders and atherosclerosis and many other reasons many patients with high blood pressure have this disease. These patients always are with the albumin showing damage of the kidney.
3. Genetic factor: Researches show that people who have family history of Diabetes are more likely to get Diabetic Nephropathy. There is an interesting phenomenon called family gathered for patients with Diabetic Nephropathy. For people who come from a family history of hypertension, the incidence of diabetic nephropathy is obviously higher than these without high blood pressure. In addition, people in different ethnic groups have different possibilities in having Diabetic Nephropathy. This phenomenon shows genetic factors influence the occurrence of Diabetic Nephropathy.
4. Diet: Researches shows that people eat food in high sugar and protein are more likely to get Diabetic Nephropathy. So you need pay attention to your diet. Keeping balanced diet is very important for your health.
There are many other factors contributing to Diabetic Nephropathy, if you want to know more information about causes of Diabetic Nephropathy, please chat with experts on line, they will give you answer in detail.

How to Deal with Renal Osteodystrophy

Renal Osteodystrophy is a persistent symptoms for patients of Renal Failure, especially the End Stage Renal Failure. Bone pain, joint pain, bone deformation and bone fracture are the clinical symptoms of the Renal Osteodystrophy which brings great inconvenience to patients' daily life. As Renal Osteodystrophy belongs to complications of Renal Failure, the essential method is to treat Renal Failure first and then ease its clinical symptoms.
1. Taking bone pain and joint pain seriously
Renal Osteodystrophy needs a chronic course in developing without apparent symptoms, but the occurrence of bone pain and joint pain may be the signs of Renal Osteodystrophy. They should be taken seriously and treated early. Otherwise, when they develop into bone deformation and bone fracture, it would be difficult not only to cure them but also to treat Renal Failure. So patients with Renal Osteodystrophy must avoid strenuous exercise and tell the doctors their feelings for they will take those symptoms into consideration in treatment of Renal Failure and make the therapeutic effects better.
2. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation after dialysis
It is thought that dialysis five times a week is beneficial to draining out phosphorus, restraining the secretion of parathyroid hormone and preventing bone dissolving, but calcium and vitamin D are also lost in dialysis. So after dialysis, it is necessary to supply Calcium and vitamin D which promotes calcium absorbing and depositing on bone. The common oral medicines are phosphate binders such as calcium carbonate, calcium acetate, sevelamer hydrochloride, or lanthanum carbonate, all of which can increase blood calcium and decrease blood phosphorus. Vitamin D can be absorbed from milk, eggs or salmon. A small dose of Vitamin D taken orally is also a better choice.
3. Supplement of essential amino acid and keto acid
Restriction of dietary phosphate and phosphorus effectively ease the load of kidneys and the dissolving of bone. Many medical researches prove that essential amino acid and keto acid can correct the imbalance of calcium and phosphate, cure hyperparathyroidisme secondaire and relive Renal Osteodystrophy.

Symptoms of kidney failure in women

With society developing, more and more women tend to work outside. Those women are respectable because they not only strive for benefits during working but also are occupied in housework. For most women, looking after children and parents, cooking, doing house work are their responsibilities as mothers and daughters. However, they usually ignore their own health. According to the reports of outpatient service in our hospital, many women are diagnosed as the late stages of Kidney Failure on their first checkup. The reason for this problem is that they have no ideal about the early stages of kidney Failure.
Causes of kidney failure include:
Diabetes
High blood pressure.
Glomerular diseases (attacks the tiny blood vessels, or glomeruli, within the kidney).
Genetic kidney diseases.
Poisons and trauma, such as a direct and forceful blow to the kidneys.
Some dietary supplements and over-the-counter medicines can be poisonous to the kidneys if taken regularly over a period of time.
When symptoms of kidney failure do appear, they may include:
Swelling, especially of the legs and feet.
Little or no urine output.
Thirst and a dry mouth.
Rapid heart rate.
Feeling dizzy when you stand up.
Loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting.
Feeling confused, anxious and restless, or sleepy.
Pain on one side of the back, just below the rib cage and above the waist (flank pain).

Diabetic Nephropathy Stage 3 Management

In clinic, Diabetic Nephropathy can be divided into 5 stages. Among them, stage 3 is critical and the nephrotic sympoms appear such as micro-albumin. In this article, we will mainly introduce the third stage and the management of this stage.
The first stage is renal glomerular high filtration stage. GFR(glomerular filtration rate)increase, and the size of kidney becomes bigger are the main feature of this stage. Even patients who have been diagnosed with this disease just now can have this kind of change.
In the second stage, protein which is discharged into urine is normal. However, the structure of glomeruli in this stage is changed already. The membrane of renal glomerular capillary blood vessels increases.
In the third stage, UAE is continuously higher than 20～200ug/min. High filtration may be the main reason for continuous albumin. Of course, it is also due to the long time not control of metabolism. In this stage, blood pressure is a little high. Declining blood pressure can reduce the discharge of albumin to some degree.
In the fourth stage, the characteristic of Diabetic Nephropathy is large amount of protienuria. UAE is more than 200pg/min, which is nonselective proteinuria. With a lot of protein lost in urine, patients can have hypoproteinemia and edema, which form the typical characteristic of Diabetic Nephropathy. We can also consider the fourth stage as the prognosis of the third stage.
How to manage stage 3 of Diabetic Nephropathy? In this stage, the most urgent thing we should do is to control blood sugar and high blood pressure, which will worsen kidney damage if not treated well.
Firstly, control the intake of salt. A lot of research showed that too much salt can activate the amylase, which can promote the digestion of starch. In addition, it can also promote the absorption of free glucose, thus deteriorate the condition. To prevent high blood pressure, patients should control the intake of salt as well. Generally, the intake of salt should be less than 3 g in a day.
To treat high blood pressure in stage 3 of Diabetic Nephropathy, we should apply some Chinese medicine, which contains Chinese herbs and can improve the blood circulation, especially the micro-blood circulation. After the blood vessels are extended, blood stasis will disappear, thus relieving high blood pressure at the same time.

Why is there renal anemia in CKD stage 3

Why is there renal anemia in CKD stage 3? EPO(erythrogenin) is a kind of hormone which can promote the generation of red blood cells. EPO(erythrogenin) is secreted in kidney. So once kidney is damaged, especially after CKD stage 3, renal anemia becomes obvious and serious.
On the other hand, in CKD stage 3, due to failed kidney, there are waste and toxins in the blood, which will in turn affect the survival of red blood cells and shorten the lifespan of red blood cells.
Serious anemia can lead to heart disease and so on, so it is necessary to treat anemia as soon as possible. Doctors usually suggest iron tablets or injection of EPO, which are all for controlling the symptoms instead of treating from root. Yet, it is the damage in kidneys that lead to insufficiency of EPO. In Kidney Disease Hospital, we mainly use Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy, an advanced therapy in contrast to traditional Chinese medicine, which can repair the damaged cells in the kidney, after which, EPO(erythrogenin) can be secreted normally and red blood cells can generate as well, thus relieving renal anemia for CKD stage 3 patients.

Common Causes of Abnormality in Kidney Size

Under normal circumstances the kidneys are not easy to be touched by us; therefore the significance of kidney size is often neglected. If more than 1/2 of the renal lower parts can be touched, it is nephroptosis in clinic. B ultrasound shows that the general normal size of kidney is 10-12cm in length, 5-7cm in width and 3-5cm in thickness and those that are beyond the range are enlarged kidneys. Abnormalities in kidney size include:
Kidney enlargement:
1. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD). Usually patients have illness history and some patients can have the complication of polycystic liver. B ultrasound can find multiple cystic masses in the kidneys.
2. Renal tumors. Malignant renal tumors can cause obvious enlargement of the kidneys. Benign tumors are usually small and can cause hematuria, pains in renal area. B ultrasound or CT scan can find cystic masses whose density is inconsistent with the renal parenchyma.
3. Large retention of fluids in the kidneys. Such as hydronephrosis, pyonephrosis. The diagnosis is not difficult depending on the patients’ clinical manifestations and imaging tests.
4. Acute renal failure. In the early stage of acute renal failure, the kidneys can be enlarged and other symptoms include anuria, oliguria, and hypertension, increase of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen.
5. Acute glomerulonephritis. The kidneys can be slightly enlarged and diagnosis can be confirmed according to the incubation period of upper respiratory tract infections and related checks.
Kidney shrinkage:
1. Chronic renal failure. Usually the shrinkage is bilateral kidneys and the diagnosis can be made according to illness history of chronic kidney diseases, anemia and renal function examination.
2. Congenital renal dysplasia. In most cases only one kidney shrinks and the other one can be normal or enlarged. In clinic patients can only have abnormal urine test or hypertension.
3. Renal tuberculosis. Usually the diseased kidney is shrunk and the other one suffers from severe hydronephrosis or compensatory enlargement. Clinical manifestations include hematuria or puuria. The Mycobacterium in the urine is the most reliable basis for the diagnosis of renal tuberculosis.
4. Renal artery stenosis. The diseased kidney is shrunk obviously and it is often accompanied by severe hypertension and vascular murmur in the abdomen can be heard and selective angiography can confirm the diagnosis.
5. Chronic pyelonephritis. It can be bilateral shrinkage or only the diseased kidney is shrunk. Patients usually have recurrent urinary tract infections, pyuria or bacteriuria. Intravenous pyelogam shows deformation of the renal pelvis and renal lamp and the appearance is not smooth. B ultrasound shows that the surface of the kidneys is uneven.
6. Renal cystic medulla syndrome. Usually patients have family history of the disease and the cysts are usually small and not easy to be detected. Bilateral kidneys are shrunk and wrinkled. Clinical manifestations include polyuria, thirst, loss of salt in urine and interstitial nephritis. In case of unexplained renal failure in children and young people, this disease should be considered.

How to Lower Creatinine and Urea Nitrogen

The level of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen can to a certain degree reflect the severity of damages of the glomerular filtration function. Persistent increase of creatinine and urea nitrogen is an indicator of renal damages.
Serum creatinine is the metabolic waste of muscle and every 20g muscle can produce 1mg creatinine. Creatinine is mainly discharged out of the body through the filtration ability of the glomeruli.
Urea nitrogen is the end product of protein metabolism and every 1g protein can produce 0.3g urea which contains nearly half urea nitrogen. Kidney is the main organ to excrete urea nitrogen. When urea nitrogen is filtered out of the glomeruli, it can be re-absorbed in the renal tubules. The more rapidly the urine passes through the tubules, the less urea nitrogen will be re-absorbed. Besides renal damages, there are other factors that can raise urea nitrogen level including high-protein diet, gastrointestinal bleeding, dehydration and high catabolism.
In the early stage of renal impairments, the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen can in normal range and when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is reduced more than 50% can there be obvious increase of creatinine and urea nitrogen and patients will have a series of symptoms and discomforts such as diuresis, increase night urine, thirsty, mucous membrane drying, fatigue, edema, hypertension, pulmonary edema, heart failure, etc.
Immune clearance is to adopt blood purification equipments to clear the metabolic wastes and toxins out of the body. Immune clearance is more thorough than dialysis which can only discharge small molecular toxins like creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid. Immune clearance include not only dialysis but also blood filtration, blood perfusion, immune adsorption, etc which can not only discharge wastes of small molecular but also wastes of large molecular as well as immune complexes.
Immune clearance is one step of immunotherapy which aims at repairing renal damages and regulating immune disorders. The root cause of creatinine and urea nitrogen increase is glomerular sclerosis, injury of the micro-circulation and basement membrane. So long as these damages are repaired can the creatinine and urea nitrogen be reduced naturally.
So lower  Creatinine  make your body comfortable and keep your kidney function ,dialysis is a common way to lower creatinine ,but  it have many side effect such as nausea ,vomit, high fever and so on . Immune Clearance can effect reduce creatinine and avoid these side effect .

Stages of Acute Renal Failure

Acute Renal Failure refers to the kidneys fail in a very short time. There are many causes for Acute Renal Failure. In clinical practices, the progression of Acute Renal Failure is generally the same and is divided into oliguric phase, diuretic phase and recovery phase.
1. Oliguric phase
At this phase, the kidneys are damaged seriously and the urine production ability of kidneys declines. Therefore, in a short time, the urine volume declines in a short time. Generally speaking, the urine output volume is less than 400 ml in 24 hours. Moreover, various kinds of toxins accumulate in body, which can lead to systemic toxic symptoms like vomit, nausea, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hypertension, heart failure, acidosis, electrolyte disturbance and so on. For weak immunity, it is very likely to lead to various kinds of infections and even threaten the patients’ lives. Oliguric phase usually lasts for 7~14 days. The longer this phase lasts, the worse the prognosis of the disease will be. In this phase, the patients need to control the food and water intake, it will benefit the recovery of their disease.
2. Diuretic phase
In Diuretic phase, the urine output in 24 hours can exceed 400 ml and even 2500 ml. This phase can last for 1~3 weeks. When diuretic phase starts, as the glomerular filtration rate does not recover and the concentration ability of renal tubule is very poor so the urine output is usually very high. Moreover, the levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine and potassium in blood will increase further. Moreover, water and electrolyte disturbance, infections and so on are also very common in this phase. In this phase, the patients should improve their nutrition and increase the water intake, which is good to the recovery of their disease.
3. Recovery phase
In recovery phase, the renal tubule grows again and the glomerular filtration rate recovers normal as well as the urea nitrogen level and creatinine level decline to the normal range.
For the patients with Kidney Disease, if their kidneys fail rapidly in a short time, they should take the best therapeutic opportunity to receive treatment. In this way, they will be able to decline the kidney damage to the biggest extent.

How to Treat Diabetes

Treatment of diabetes has improved considerably during the past few decades, especially in terms of self glucose monitoring. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), good glucose control reduces the complications of diabetes by about 60 percent.
About 12 percent of people with type 2 diabetes control their diabetes with diet and exercise alone, says Dr. Keith Campbell, associate dean and professor at Washington State University College of Pharmacy and a Certified Diabetes Educator. About 48 percent use oral medicine, and 40 percent use insulin, sometimes together with oral medicine.
Your diabetes treatment and management strategy should be agreed between you and your health care team.
The aim of diabetes treatment is to keep, within reason, blood glucose levels as near to normal as possible.
Training in self management of diabetes forms an essential part of diabetes management.
Treatment should be agreed on an individual basis and address medical, pychosocial and lifestyle issues.
Monitor your blood sugar regularly. Adjustments in diet, medication and exercise can be made accordingly.
Stick to the monitoring protocol prescribed by your doctor. Generally, blood is monitored before meals and at bedtime.

The Common Clinical symptoms for Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes is a common chronic and progressive disease with slow onset, which leads to the difficulties on estimating the date of its onset. Generally, there are not any obvious symptoms for the light case, however, for the severe case and the one accompanied by complications, the symptoms are clear and typical. So, what are the common clinical symptoms for Type 2 Diabetes?
1. Diuresis, Polydipsia: Owing to the increase in Urine Osmotic Pressure and the reduce in reabsorption by kidney tubules, the volume of urine often increase. For the patients who have a more frequency in the desire to urinate, the number of their urinating could even reach 20 times per day. So, the frequent get-ups at night influence their sleep a lot. Besides the frequent micturitions, the overall output for urination often exceeds 2-3L, even reach 10L. As a result of frequent micturition and loss of water, there are an increase in the volume and frequency of drinking for the patients, which are in proportion to such factors as blood glucose concentration, the urine volume and the loss of sugar; when there are insufficiency in insulin and ketoacidosis, the reabsorption to dodion and potassium ion could become more difficult. And, the increase in urine could make the blood plasma concentration and thus influence the osmotic pressure and even lead to such severe results as hyperosmolar coma etc.
2.Boulimia and Polyphagia: Since the sugars could not be used fully, together with the secretion of insulin stimulated by hyperglycemia, the patients’ appetite often has the presentation of hyperfunction and often has the tendency of feeling hungry. So, their staple food could sometimes reach 0.5-1 kilogram and the mount of dishes could be more than twice as much as that of a normal person, even so, these patients could not be met. Yet, sometimes their appetite could have a sudden drop, for that, we should pay attention to such symptoms as infection, heat, acidosis .or the complications of ketosis etc. In clinical, diuresis, drinking more and feeding more are also called “Trio-more Symptoms”
3. Fatigues, Loss of Weight and Weakness: Owing to the reasons of metabolism disorders, the reduce in the use of energy, negative nitrogen balance and the loss of water and electrolyte, all of which situations would be worse if there is ketosis, the patients would feel weak and tired, especially to the child patients of Type 1 and severe patients of Type 2, who would lose their weight obviously as far as 5 kilos and their strengths are very weak. The long-term bout of disease for the child patients would make their growth restrained with hypermicrosoma, yellow complexion and hair’s less sheen and also a weak strength, while, for the middleaged patients of Type 2 with light symptoms, their fat is always caused by feeding more.
4. Skin Pruritis: Such case is often seen in the part of pudendum of women, which is caused by the stimulation from urine sugar. Sometimes complications of colpomycosis such as candida albicans would make pruritis worse, which is often accompanied by secretions such as leucorrhea. Moreover, the pruritis of overall body could also be resulted by dry skin when the water is lost.
5. Other Symptoms: They include sore in arms and legs, numb, lumbago, hypaphrodisia, impotence and infertility, menstrual disorder, constipation and visual disturbance etc. Sometimes there is intractable diarrhea with 2-3 or 5-6 times of stool per day and the stool shape of thin paste. Such cases generally belong to the type of functional diarrhea instead of the inflammatory diarrhea and the diarrhea is possibly connected with the disturbance of vegetative nerve function. The severe nerve system diseases also include such symptoms as orthostatic hypotension, sweating and gatism, many of which are caused by complications.
The above are the basic introductions of clinical symptoms for Type 2 Diabetes. The experts suggest that, if those symptoms occur, try to seek a treatment so as not to miss the best time.

Take Care of Your Kidneys in 7 Ways

Many people are eagerly asking how to protect their kidneys and how to prevent the appearance of those kidney diseases. In response to these queries, experts in our hospital give patients’ answers. Generally people could take care of their kidneys from these aspects.
Early prevention and protection of your kidneys are great important, otherwise, if kidneys are damaged, it will progresses into the end stage of renal failure(ESRD) or Uremia, which have the great possibility of endangering patients’ lives. The ways in taking care of your kidneys could be started from the change of unfavorable diet habits to the lifestyle modifications.
1. Eat More Water and Urination Frequently
Drinking more water helps to dilute the urine, which could not only let the urine toxins and metabolic wastes excreted rapidly, it can also prevent the lithangiuria and urinary infections, etc.
2. Drink Less and Forbid Smoking
Drinking less water is beneficial to your kidneys and avoid smoking could also do.
3. Approriate Diet
Eating too much at one time could aggravate your kdineys’ burdens, so a balanced diet is advocated.
4. Drink Less Beverage
Beverages such as soft drink, cola, or coffee, even or fruit juice have caffeine, which could lead to the elevation of your blood pressures, and the elevated blood pressure is an important factor which could damage your kidneys.
5. Avoid Blind Medication
Some medicines are harmful to your kidneys, so the long-term use of these medicines, such as pain-killers, analgesics, aristolochic acid could gradually damage your kidneys and its functions.
6. Restrict Your Sodium Intake
Nearly 95 percent sodium ingredients are metabolized by our kidneys, so too much intake of sodium is not good for your kidneys.
7. Regular Inspections on Your Kidneys
Since there are generally no obvious symptoms for the kidney diseases, so regular examinations, for example every half year, are of vital importance.
I hope that you can take care of your kidneys through these 7 ways as well as other measures. Good Luck.Take Care of Your Kidneys in 7 Ways
Many people are eagerly asking how to protect their kidneys and how to prevent the appearance of those kidney diseases. In response to these queries, experts in our hospital give patients’ answers. Generally people could take care of their kidneys from these aspects.
Early prevention and protection of your kidneys are great important, otherwise, if kidneys are damaged, it will progresses into the end stage of renal failure(ESRD) or Uremia, which have the great possibility of endangering patients’ lives. The ways in taking care of your kidneys could be started from the change of unfavorable diet habits to the lifestyle modifications.
1. Eat More Water and Urination Frequently
Drinking more water helps to dilute the urine, which could not only let the urine toxins and metabolic wastes excreted rapidly, it can also prevent the lithangiuria and urinary infections, etc.
2. Drink Less and Forbid Smoking
Drinking less water is beneficial to your kidneys and avoid smoking could also do.
3. Approriate Diet
Eating too much at one time could aggravate your kdineys’ burdens, so a balanced diet is advocated.
4. Drink Less Beverage
Beverages such as soft drink, cola, or coffee, even or fruit juice have caffeine, which could lead to the elevation of your blood pressures, and the elevated blood pressure is an important factor which could damage your kidneys.
5. Avoid Blind Medication
Some medicines are harmful to your kidneys, so the long-term use of these medicines, such as pain-killers, analgesics, aristolochic acid could gradually damage your kidneys and its functions.
6. Restrict Your Sodium Intake
Nearly 95 percent sodium ingredients are metabolized by our kidneys, so too much intake of sodium is not good for your kidneys.
7. Regular Inspections on Your Kidneys
Since there are generally no obvious symptoms for the kidney diseases, so regular examinations, for example every half year, are of vital importance.
I hope that you can take care of your kidneys through these 7 ways as well as other measures. Good Luck.

How to treat polycystic kidney disease with surgery

Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disorder in which many masses or cysts form in the kidney, eventually replacing normal kidney tissue. The disease can also cause cysts to form in the liver. Polycystic kidney disease isn't curable, but treatments can reduce symptoms and improve the patient's quality of life.
Surgery is a common therapy to remove the cysts for the patients with Polycystic Kidney Disease , so surger can treat polycystic kidney disease effectively?
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) causes many cysts to grow in the kidneys. People with PKD can experience constant pain when the cysts become very large in size and number. Surgery can decrease the pain by reducing the size of the cysts. The effect of the surgery is temporary and does not provide a cure for PKD.
Cysts may be drained through surgery to relieve pain, blockage, infection, or bleeding. Cyst drainage may also temporarily lower blood pressure. Sometimes, one or both kidneys may be removed, called a nephrectomy , if pain is severe.
Most treatments for PKD treat the disease symptoms or prevent complications.we can use chinese medicine treatment polycystic kidney disease ,it can prevent complications effectively .....