When we heard about the word Acute Renal Failure (ARF), we will usually think it as a rather horrible disease. Actually, if you get the disease, what you need to do first is to calm down and try to know more about the disease. Only when you know better about it, can you find and receive effective treatment in time.
Maybe you have already known that the Acute Renal Failure (ARF) can be divided into three stages, say, the Stage of Oliguria, Diuresis and Recovery. If you are newly diagnosed with this disease, it may possibly in the stage of Oliguria. To know Oliguria, we should firstly have some knowledge of urine. For normal people, the urine volume in a day (24h) is 1500-2000ml. When the urine volume is less than 400ml/d (or 17ml/h), it can be called Oliguria, and when less than 100ml/d (or 4ml/h), Anuria.
How can you know which stage you are in? Now let's have a look at the clinical manifestations of Acute Renal Failure.
1. Oliguria always appears after the precursory signs and will last for 2-4 weeks.
2. You may have a series of malaise such as poorer appetite, nausea, vomit, diarrhea, hiccup, dizziness, headache, short breath and even spasm and coma.
3. You will have Metabolic Acidosis, which is caused by the accumulation of metabolic wastes in your body; the value of serum creatinine (SCr) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) will rise as well.
4. Disordered electrolyte appears, including hyperkalemia, low serum sodium, high serum phosphate and hypocalcemia, etc. In some cases even the cardiac arrest may appear.
5. Excessive water will remain in human body, so encephaledema or pneumonedema may appear.
In the Acute Renal Failure, renal function decreases progressively and the damages on kidney is deteriorate rather quickly, so there will be various complications during the process. Some common ones are introduced here for your reference.
A. Infection.
It is the most common complication of Acute Renal Failure in the stage of Oliguria, and it is usually seen in the cases of Hypercatabolism ARF which is aroused by severe trauma and burn.
B. Diseases in cardiovascular system.
Arrhythmia, Heart Failure, Pericarditis and Hypertension are usually seen.
C. Diseases in nervous system.
The symptoms are headache, somnolence, spasm, coma and epilepsy. Those are all caused by the retention of metabolic wastes and disordered electrolyte and acid-base balance.
D. Diseases in digestive system.
You may have asitia, nausea and vomit, etc. Sometimes bleeding will appear due to the erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa.
E. Diseases in the blood system.
Due to the severe decrease of renal function, the quantity of erythropoietin (EPO) will decrease therewith, so Anemia will appear.
F. Electrolyte disturbance & Metabolic Acidosis.
These are the most serious complications of Acute Renal Failure, including Hyperkalemia and Hyponatremia and serious Acidosis.
So far, you may get more detailed information about the stage of Oliguria in Acute Renal Failure (ARF). During this period, the most significant thing is to have effective treatment as soon as possible after the diagnosis and control the progressive deterioration of the condition, and also, the prevention of complications matter a lot in this stage because they are so severe that will even lead to death. If you wonder about the treatment, or just want to know a little more, you are welcome to talk with the consultant online or leave a message to kidneyfailure@hotmail.com .
Learn more how to prevent acute renal failure
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